Silver Lining
Yes, your business is down. Yes, we may (or may not) be slowly coming out of the recession but the economic climate will not be the same as it was a few years ago. Yes, the value of your business is at its lowest point since you began the business in 1984.
Even in the darkest of times, I always try to find a silver lining. So here it is: this is the perfect time to explore gifting shares of the business to younger family members.
Let’s look at an example: Mr. Gates owns a tech business called Computers R Us, LLC (as you saw in previous article, there are advantages to owning small business as LLC rather than corporation). Mr. Gates owns 80% of Computers R Us, LLC, while his son owns 10% and his daughter owns 10%. In 2007, the business was valued at $3,500,000. It is now worth $2,500,000. Mr. Gates has a meeting with his attorney and realizes that if the Unified Credit drops to $1,000,000 as it is set to do in 2011, significant estate tax will be owed on the value of his business alone at his death. After exploring several tax strategies and planning tools, Mr. Gates decides to transfer 20% of his interest to each of his children. Now, Mr. Gates owns 40% and each of his children own 30%. So what has Mr. Gates achieved?
First, the Internal Revenue Code allows an annual gift of $13,000 to be excluded from tax. Mr. Gates is married so between the two of them, they can pass $26,000 under the annual exclusion. The above-described transfer of business interest is eligible for this gift exclusion. Currently, the marginal estate tax rate is 45%. Therefore, Mr. Gates provided savings to his family of $23,400 ($26,000 x 45% x two children).
Second, the value of the interest transferred to each child is $500,000. If the value of the business returns to 2007 levels, the value of those interests will be $700,000. Yet, Mr. Gates transferred $400,000 free from estate or gift tax because the value of the transfer is frozen at the $500,000 level (value at the time of the gift). Thus Mr. Gates provided additional savings to his family of $180,000 ($200,000 x 45% x two children).
Third, the Internal Revenue Code allows certain valuation discounts due to minority interests and lack of marketability. Often times, these discounts can be 25% or more. Due to the fact that the transfers to the children were minority interests and lacked marketability (unlike shares of stock traded on the Stock Exchange, there is no readily available market to buy interest in Computers R Us, LLC), such gifts may be discounted by 25%. As a result, the gift of $500,000 may be discounted by $125,000 resulting in Mr. Gates’ family saving $112,500 ($125,000 x 45% x two children).
Lastly, at Mr. Gates death, his estate can claim a minority interest and lack of marketability discounts against any remaining interests. Thus, Mr. Gates passes away in 2012 when the value of Computers R Us, LLC is $5,000,000. His estate may be able to claim a minority interest and lack of marketability discounts since Mr. Gates owns 40% of the company at his passing. So Mr. Gates has saved his family an additional $675,000. (45% x ($2,000,000 – $500,000).
So, yes, the economy is terrible. Yes, the value of the company is less than what it used to be. But through proper planning, Mr. Gates saved his family over $990,000 in estate taxes. See, I can always find a silver lining.
WORD OF CAUTION: Currently, there is proposed legislation threatening the viability of lack of marketability and minority interest discounts. With the White House spending into historic deficits, money will need to be raised through taxes. Therefore, please consult with a qualified attorney so that proper planning may be done specific to your factual situation and current laws.
Friday, August 7, 2009
Tuesday, August 4, 2009
Lessons from the Rich and Famous
Lessons from the Rich and Famous
It was a sad day in June when two legends passed away, Michael Jackson and Farrah Fawcett. Both under completely different circumstances, one died unexpectedly while the other succumbed to a long battle with cancer. So what lessons can we learn from these two tragedies?
Guardianships for Minors
While it may be questionable whether Michael Jackson was biologically responsible for his three minor children, we are certain that those children were legally his. According to his Will, Jackson named his mother as guardian over the children. While the mother of the children apparently gave up any parental rights some time ago, it would not stop her from trying to contest it. Still, the court would give great deference to the wishes of Jackson because of his Will. Therefore, it is very important that anyone with minor children should have a Will designating who they want to take care of their children if something were to happen to them.
We are not aware whether Jackson established a Trust for his minor children. In Florida, a minor cannot receive more than $10,000 as an inheritance. If any amount is passed to minor children in excess of that amount, then the law requires that a guardianship is set up. A requirement of a guardianship is that an annual accounting is filed with the court along with a fee that is calculated by the amount of assets in the guardianship account. This can be an expensive process which would deprive that child of money that would otherwise be left to them.
Asset Protection Trust/ Special Needs Trust
Unfortunately, Farrah had a different set of issues. Her son Redmond was incarcerated in LA County Jail at the time of her death. This was due to a possession of heroin charge. Obviously, Redmond has a horrible addiction problem as this prevented him from being at his mother’s bedside when she passed away. Without any knowledge of Farrah’s estate plan, let’s hope she received quality advice. So how does one provide for their child but “save them” from their addiction problem rather than feeding it? Or sometimes, a drug problem progresses so far that it leads to a disability, how does a loving parent plan?
Sometimes, despite a parent’s best efforts, their child does not turn out the way they had planned. Maybe their son has a problem with addiction. Maybe their daughter has declared bankruptcy three times despite making over $100,000 a year. Or maybe they are good kids but are involved in a bad marriage or an unlucky car accident. With proper estate planning, a parent can plan around these types of foreseen and unforeseen events and still protect and provide for their children. If that child has cognitive impairments or other disabilities whereas they are provided with government assistance, proper planning is required so that the child is well taken care of without losing such valuable assistance.
Many of us procrastinate, minimize our personal need or the legal importance of drafting wills, trusts, living wills, and durable powers of attorney. The complexities of combining and coordinating diverse assets such as individual assets, jointly held assets, retirement plans, life insurance, annuities and business interests seem just too daunting for some. For others, they do not realize the importance of looking at all of their assets from an overall perspective; namely, when all is said and done who ends up with what.
Estate planning is not only for the wealthy. As you see in these two examples, Michael Jackson and Farrah Fawcett faced real life problems that we all may face. Estate planning is about family and making sure that you are passing on your assets to whom you want, when you want and the way you want. Protect yourself, and your family.
It was a sad day in June when two legends passed away, Michael Jackson and Farrah Fawcett. Both under completely different circumstances, one died unexpectedly while the other succumbed to a long battle with cancer. So what lessons can we learn from these two tragedies?
Guardianships for Minors
While it may be questionable whether Michael Jackson was biologically responsible for his three minor children, we are certain that those children were legally his. According to his Will, Jackson named his mother as guardian over the children. While the mother of the children apparently gave up any parental rights some time ago, it would not stop her from trying to contest it. Still, the court would give great deference to the wishes of Jackson because of his Will. Therefore, it is very important that anyone with minor children should have a Will designating who they want to take care of their children if something were to happen to them.
We are not aware whether Jackson established a Trust for his minor children. In Florida, a minor cannot receive more than $10,000 as an inheritance. If any amount is passed to minor children in excess of that amount, then the law requires that a guardianship is set up. A requirement of a guardianship is that an annual accounting is filed with the court along with a fee that is calculated by the amount of assets in the guardianship account. This can be an expensive process which would deprive that child of money that would otherwise be left to them.
Asset Protection Trust/ Special Needs Trust
Unfortunately, Farrah had a different set of issues. Her son Redmond was incarcerated in LA County Jail at the time of her death. This was due to a possession of heroin charge. Obviously, Redmond has a horrible addiction problem as this prevented him from being at his mother’s bedside when she passed away. Without any knowledge of Farrah’s estate plan, let’s hope she received quality advice. So how does one provide for their child but “save them” from their addiction problem rather than feeding it? Or sometimes, a drug problem progresses so far that it leads to a disability, how does a loving parent plan?
Sometimes, despite a parent’s best efforts, their child does not turn out the way they had planned. Maybe their son has a problem with addiction. Maybe their daughter has declared bankruptcy three times despite making over $100,000 a year. Or maybe they are good kids but are involved in a bad marriage or an unlucky car accident. With proper estate planning, a parent can plan around these types of foreseen and unforeseen events and still protect and provide for their children. If that child has cognitive impairments or other disabilities whereas they are provided with government assistance, proper planning is required so that the child is well taken care of without losing such valuable assistance.
Many of us procrastinate, minimize our personal need or the legal importance of drafting wills, trusts, living wills, and durable powers of attorney. The complexities of combining and coordinating diverse assets such as individual assets, jointly held assets, retirement plans, life insurance, annuities and business interests seem just too daunting for some. For others, they do not realize the importance of looking at all of their assets from an overall perspective; namely, when all is said and done who ends up with what.
Estate planning is not only for the wealthy. As you see in these two examples, Michael Jackson and Farrah Fawcett faced real life problems that we all may face. Estate planning is about family and making sure that you are passing on your assets to whom you want, when you want and the way you want. Protect yourself, and your family.
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